Homeowners' insurance is a necessity,
something every property should have. If you
have a mortgage, your lender will require
coverage -- and if your home is mortgage-free
than you should have coverage anyway.But not
all insurance coverage is alike. Policies and
protections differ, and so do costs. In essence,
you want the most protection for the least
number of dollars.
Homeowners' insurance generally comes in
standardized packages. For instance, the most
basic form, HO-1, offers protections against
such perils as fire, theft, and certain types of
liability.
HO-2 is more comprehensive and includes
protection against damage from broken pipes, the
weight of ice and snow, and broken hot water
heaters.
HO-3 gives more protection still: It
generally includes just about everything and
excludes only earth-shaking events such as
earthquakes, floods, nuclear accidents, and
wars.
To determine which policy is best for you,
and to find out about other policies, make a
list of valued possessions and the types of
coverage you'd generally like to have -- and
then sit down with an insurance broker to review
what's included (and excluded) from each policy
form and the other forms of coverage which may
be available. You may find all the coverage you
want in a general form, or you may determine
that you need special coverage at extra cost.
Real estate brokers, attorneys, fee-only
financial planners, and CPAs can recommend local
insurance brokers. Once you have some names what
questions should you ask? Here are a few to get
you started:
- What form works best in your situation?
- What is included under the form you
select -- and what is excluded.
- Do you have a personal office at home?
If yes, what is covered?
- Do you have a home-based business? If
yes, you may require additional coverage
specific to the type of business you
operate. In this case, think in terms of
clients dropping by, business equipment,
inventory, etc.
- Do you have antiques and jewelry? What
coverage are you getting? What coverage do
you need?
- How much personal liability protection
will the policy provide? What is the cost of
additional coverage? What about an
"umbrella" policy?
- If you have a loss, will coverage be for
actual cash value or replacement cost? Have
the insurance broker explain the difference.
- What is the policy deductible?
(Generally lower deductibles mean higher
premiums, higher deductibles result in lower
premiums.)
- How will the policy be paid? If your
lender maintains an escrow account, the
insurance policy will be paid by the lender
-- remember, the house is security for the
lender's mortgage. If you pay for property
taxes and insurance directly, you will pay
the bill. For details regarding escrow
accounts and insurance requirements, speak
with your lender.
- Is your home an historic property? If
yes, what special coverages are required?
- When a policy says it covers "personal
property" what does that term mean? What
does it include and exclude?
- How can you reduce policy costs? For
instance, if you buy auto and home insurance
from the same source will your combined
expenses decline?
- What home improvements can you make that
would result in lower premiums?
- How are claims handled if you have a
loss? For your protection, it's a good idea
to photograph or video your home and special
possessions -- and then keep such
photography in a safe deposit box.
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